Ventilating window or door.



G. A. FAIR.

VENTILATING WINDOW 0R DOOR.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 2s. 1914.

1,136,784. Patented Apr. 20, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

G. A. FAIR.

VENTILATING WINDOW 0R DOOR.

APPLICATION man Mmm-1914.

Patented Apr. 20, 1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

GEORGE e. FAIR, er Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

VENTILATING, WINDOW R POOR@ 1 meterse.. l

specification of Letters'ra'nt.

Patented nepi. eeiers.

Application led. May 26, 1914i. Serial No; 8141,10?.

To all whom 'it may'co'nclewi: A J. a vBe 1 t known that GEORGE A.;FAIR, citizenof the United States, residing at Los Angeles, inl thecounty of Los Yeles and State 'of California, have invente certain newand useful Improvements 'in Ventilating Windows or Doors, of which'thefollowing is a specification.

Mylinvention relates to windows'V and par` ticularly to windows soconstructed as to providefor a proper ventilation of the apartments inwhich the windows are used.

j so

The primary object of my invention is the provision of means whereby theinlet of fresh'air or the outlet of vitiated air into or from a room orother apartment may be readily regulated, the construction `being suchthat direct drafts of air are prevented.

A further object of the inventionis the provision in a window-of spacedsashes inclosing between them a normally dead'air space,4 the spacesbetween the sashes, how' ever, being connected .with means hereby freshairmay enter'between the sas -es and by a proper regulation ofthe innerSashes be allowedv to enter the room. n f

A further object of the invention 'is the provision of a windowsofconstru'cted that diifusi-on boxes are formed at the upper and lowerends'of the window,.these diffusion boxes admitting air'between theouter andV inner sashes and fbeing provided with controlling dampers sothat the amount of air s o entering may be readily controlled.

Still another `object' of. the inventiony is to provide a sash frame of'af very simple construction so "formed that -it may bejre'adily openedto permit the insertion orremoval of a pane of glass.

Other objects will Vappearin the course of the followingd cription.

lCertain impr vements of my ,invention the accompanying`v draw.

are illustrated in ings, wherein: A

Figure l is a facefview of a pivotedj win` dow constructed in accordancewith. my invention.v Fig. 2 is al vertical section, on the line 2-,2 ofFig. 1, Figr is' an enlarged seztionof the l,lower diffusion box shownFig. 2 Fig. l is a fragmentary horizontal section on, the line 4 4 ofFig. 2l Fig. 5 is a perspective View ofon'e of the sash; frames.4 Fig; 6is a fra mentally -verticalf section throigh it pgtfe!! 'Tand j ironan8j the ,o ,annelironfen-the einden@ of. the'fnter and meer .pairs 0fentary sectional view on; the Iine'G-Go Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is..afrag-,

a railway car showing my improved ventilating window as applled thereto.

Corresponding and like parts are referred to in the followingdescription and indicated in fall the views ofthe. accompanying drawi sby the samereference characters.

' n Figs. 1 to 6 I show my improvement as applied to a particular. formof window construction, such a window construction as is illustrated. inmy ending application, Serial No. 807,527, ed on the 18th day of Dec.,1913. nthis form gf window, the main frame. .of the window isrectangular and is pivoted at the corners. so that the window opensoutward in the manner of a easement Window; Disposed within .this

main window frame and movable therewith are. outer and inner slidingsashes. ln this prior invention, above referred to,A the,diffusion'boxes or Ventilating boxes are disposed in the window Casinabove and below the pivoted window frame y which the passage ofireshairinto the roomv could be controlled. I have shown my invention 'asapplied to such a pivoted window frame, as is disclosed in my priorapplicatiombut I do not wish. tobe limited to this construction, as ityisV obvious that the. invention might be applie to windows which werenot pivoted.v

Referring vto Figs. 1 to. 6, y2 designates a windowy casing of any usualor. approved l form. In" the lintel andi sill of the. window lar 1n formand* is preferably made up of sheet Inet-al sections.. This outerwindow.

that the window frame is pivot'ed for move- .fa'ne 'is provided'l withpintles 5 and Iits upf .per and; lower endsengegin the Sockets so Ieeinafwrzentalplane The iniirwall. 6; of? the window frame, as .illustrated1n arer "iovfld'" with the Qhnllel irons g des'gnatin the outer .channelSfshes. Th'eouterfpperasash is. desigrat.ed

9 andl theA outer' lower sash de The inner upper sash is designate 11and the inner loweies'ash is desi ated 12. I Each closed and supported'by a sash frame,

y comprises fr pieces designated' 1654 f ofthepanes .of gass. femme. thSeSls is eachotherA as at 14 at the corners of the frame. The sash frameis so formedthat when one of the pins 14 is removed, the

frame may beopened out for the reception ofthe glass pane and thenclosed and pinned together in a mannerf which will be obvious to allthose skilled in the art. My reason for forming the sash yframes in thisparticular manner is that thereby I make the sashes very light and thesash frame itself can be made relatively thin so as to secure as much(dead. air space between the windows asis necessary. Asy illustrated inFig. 6 there is' a space of a half inch ontwo inches between the outerpair of sashes and the inner pair of sashes, this space being designated15 and constituting normally a dead 'air space. The upper rail 16 of the'outer frame .4 constitutes a diusion box and the lower rail 17 of thewindow frame also constitutes a difusion box, these boxes being hollowandI having openings leading to the outside air and being alsoprovidedjwith dampers, as will -now be explained. Each of these boxes 16 and 17has an opening Q18 upon its outer face through which air may enter,'andpivotally supported within l 'feit or rub the bar or hollow member 16 isa damper plate 19, illustrated most clearly in Figs. 3 and 4.` Thisdamper plate is pivoted at 20 solas to swing toward and from the opening18 and preferably the damper plate .3254

swings between inwardly projecting flanges 21 formed on or carried uponthe outside wall of the members 16 and 17. The edge of the damlper'platemay be" provided with ,air-tight engagement with the iianges of thewings 21. A transversely extending strip 'of felt or rubber designated23 is like? dotted lines in Fig. 3. As. illustrated, the- 'damper plateis curved-transversely of its length, but the particular form of thisdamper plate is not essential to'imy invention. Each of thev boxes 16'and 17 1s alsoformed l with an opening-24which opens from the hollowbar or boxinto' the space 15 between terial, so as to.preventthementrance of dustY .the outer and inner ends ofthe .windowsashes.- This 'opening' 24 is preferably crossed by a screen 25 of`gauze or like mainto the space between the"window sashes. VVhileI mayprovide any suitable means for Operating the damper plates 19, I haveillustrated 1n -F1g. 3 a lever' 26 pivoted` at 2 7 and y f .having one-arm projecting out through an opening 28 formedin the front wall of theyn iembersl 'and`17. The inner arm or end off the lever bears .againstthecurved under er backing 22 which will havel face of the damperplateand is-linked therey `of the lever is depressed the damper platewill be raised and shifted to the dotted line position lin Fig. 3. .Imay provide any suitable means for holding the lever 26 in position toclose the'dampe'r but for the pur` pose, however, I have illustratedvthe slot 28` as being formed `with an offset 29 at itsv lower endandvproviding a shoulder. The lever is loosely pivoted upon its lpivotpin so that after it has been turned down it may be shifted slightlytoone` side and thus locked. The operation of this portion of my inventionwilll be'perfectly obvious from what mhas gone before. IfPit is desiredthat the space 15 shall 'be nlled with dead air then ofcourse, thedamper plates 19 are to i be closedso as to prevent the 'entrance oflair into the opening 13. Ifit is desired that other of the diffusionboxes and` passing intothe space 15jwill be either allowed to e'nterdirectly into the apartment by raising the sash adjacent to thediffusion box or maybe allowepd to enter indirectly by shifting the sashfarthest awayy from the diffusion box. If a greater ventilationisdefsired,"then both of the dampers in thetwo diffusion boxes will beopened and air allowed to' enter through 'both of the openings 18 andthe lower sash maybe raised and the upper sasha lowered so as to securejan entrance of fresh' air both at the top and ,bottom y of -the window.

greater amount of air is necessary, then both ofthe lower sashes may beentirely opened and if a still greater amountl is necessaryl then theentire window maybe vopened and Of course, ifa Y 11o -swung upon its-pivot after the mannerv of a `casementwindow.

It will be seen that my constructionis'vv particularly applicable tovehicles such as Pullman .palace cars, where in winter there `In thisligure, 3() designates the side wall of a car and 31 a portion of theroof. l The Side of the car, as illustrated, is formed with spring ofthe 4roofthere is anI inlet hood des-r ignated 35, whereby air-may enterinto the' space betweenthe outer and inner walls..

The windowframe 36 is provided with the .115 is ordinarily provided anouter fixedlsash i and an inner. sliding sash. In' these cars itiieultto secure proper-venti v V12v5 :outer and inner Vwalls 32and 33.At the..

mon arrangement in Pullman cars.

lintel 37 and vthe sill 38. This lintel'37 is formed with an inletopening 39 protected by a screen 40. The` outer sash 41 is illustratedas ixed in positionso that it cannot be shifted. This is an ordinary andpomt is obvious, however, that this sash might be made sliding withoutaffecting'the merits of the invention. The inner sash 4:2 is preferablycomposed of twov sashes sliding with relation to eachA other so as tocontrolthe entrance of air into the car' from the space between thesashes.- lf now both the upper and lower inner sashes be closed it isobvious that no air can enter. lf now, on the other hand one of thesesashes be opened it will be nbvioiis that air passing down through Itheaperture 4Q will enter in the car bythe manner shown in Fig. 7. ln order.to prevent the passage of air into the space between the outer sash andthe inner vand an inner wall .60delects the air entering through thisopening into the ventilation box 58. The inner wallof the ventilationboxis formed by a screen 61. Tt will be seen that the lower sash 51 of thelinner pair of sashes when closed rests upon the sill 56but that when thelower sash 51 is raised suiiioiently, the upper sash will lower so as torest upon the upper Wall of the ventilation box 58. lt will likewise beseen that in the lowered position of the vbox the sash 51 when restingupon the sill 56 will close the opening' across which the screen 61 is odisposed but that when the lower sash is raised air will be admittedfrom the ventilation box 58 into the room. The lintel of the sash frameis formed by a hollow casin (i2 having a' portion 63 at its up er enwhich overhangs the sill 56. The ront of the casing 62 is formed belowthe overhanging portion 63 with the opening GAL-screened by a wiregauzeN 65. The uter face of the casing has an opening 66 or theadmission of fresh air and fresh air isl directed up-l ward into theupper portion of the casing which forms a ventilator box by means ofvthe deflector plate 67. *It will 4be noted that when the innersashes-are in their closed position the upper sash 50 will engage withthe under wall of the overhanging portion 68 and will close the opening64:,but that when 'this upper sash is lowered this openupon the sashes.

mengsel Y ing will be unclosed and fresh air v willbe admitted into theroom. It will be seen then that byraising the lower sash the upper sashwill be lowered, and thus air will A be admitted through thescreenedopenin 61 and the hot air will pass out through the upperopening 64 or fresh air may enter through this upper opening, just ascircumstances dictate. The rear sashes operate between the upper wall ofthe ventilation box 58 and the lower'wall of the box or casing 62 andpreferably, one sash counterbalances the other. Ordinarily, during thewinter months, the outer pair of sashes are not opened and the innerpair of sashes only opened to an extent which will inclose the openings61 and 64. Thus the dead air space 68 between the inner and outer sashesis at all times preserved, thus preventing the `warmth of the room frombeing dissipated and also preventing the moisture gathering It is a veryimportant matter that the dead air space should be preserved through thecold months of the year,' particularly in the cold climates, as by thismethod frost is kept od the windows.

i. After the weather grows warmer,however,

all the windows maybe fully `opened and vthe dead air space eliminated.

ln order to prevent cold air from entering the roo-m, at right anglestothe plane of the windows ll preferably provide a dei-lector L platedesignated 69 and illustrated in Fig. 2. This dedector plate is disposedin a slot 70 formed in the sill 56 and at its upper end is ianged as at71 so that it cannot drop down 'tooA far through this slot 70. 4lit isalso provided with a ring or other form of handle whereby it may bepulled up. The lower extremity of the .plate 69 is deflected as at 73 sothat when the plate is pulled' up to its full extent it may be tippedand will hold in place without the necessity of using any fasteningdevice for the purpose.

Parting strips 74., are of course, disposed between thefront and rearpairs of sashes, thus holding these front and rear parts ofsashes-separate'd. Preferably the window -frame is reinforced by outerreinforcing members designated 75 forming'channels 76 within which ashade may be disposedwhile the outer portion of the window casing 1sreinforced by the reinforcing members 77 (see Fig. '3)' providing achannelwithin which a screen of wire gauze may slide.

' This form of window isparticularly applicable for use in Pullman carswhich .in

winter require a dead air space between the outer and inner sashes' andin which there is a great deiiioiency in proper ventilation. It is,however, obvious that the invention is not necessarily limited to its.use in Pullmap" oars but may be applied to the windows of houses andother buildings, with equallygood results.l

iatA

It will, of course, be understood that the window is showny deeperinproportion than it actually will be, in order vto show the partsdistinctly. l

While this form of the invention 4has been shown asY applied to windowsI'wish it dis- 'tinctly understood that it might also be apwith theoutside air and with the space be tween said sashes,;and -a'damperarranged within the hollow-.member and controlling the passage ofair-therethrough.

2. In a window of the 'character,described, outer andI inner sashes, aframev in which said sashes move, one member of the frame being hollow.and having commumcation vwith theoutside air -and with the spacebetweensaid sashes, a damper pivotallymountv 'ed within the hollovs7 member andcontrolling thepassage of air thereinto, and damper actuated VmeanseXtendingout `ofthe front 'of said hollow member.

3. Ina window of the character described,`

an outer sash and vupper and lower inner sashes, a frame 1n which saidsashes move, said frame including hollowv elements opening into thespace betweenv the sashes and' communicating with the outside air, anddampers controlling the entrance of air into said hollow elements. '4.-In a window `of the character described,

f outer and inner sashes spaced from each other, and an outer sash frameincluding a described the invention what hollow element having a lateralopening, and an opening communicating with the space between the outerand inner sash frames, and a ldamper pivotallyY mounted within thehollow element and movable into position to cover or uncover saidlateral opening, and a lever pivoted to the exterior of the hollowmember and having linked engagement with the said damper.

5. In a window of the character described, t

outer and inner sashes, thei'nner sashes com'- prising an upperand alower sash, shiftablewith relation to each other, a frame inclosing'saidsashes and within which the-sashes' move, said frame having a hollowliiitel` and a hollow sill, each communicating withl the outer air,there being a screened opening vleading-into the space between thesashes,

and dampers arranged one in .each of-sai'd elements and lcontrolling thepassage of air' l through said hollow members into the space )60.

between theouter and inner sashes.

. '6.' In a construction of the character dei scribed, aA member.`hinged at one side'iforv movement in a horizontal plane, outer and innersashes disposed in said member,` the inner sashes being shiftable, thesaid mem? ber being hollow and having an opening for .the entrance offresh air and an opening leading to the space between the sashes, f v

and means within the hollow lmemberl for vcontrolling the passage of airinto said space. Y

In testimony whereof Iaiiix my signature in presence oftwo witnesses.''y y v v,

' GEORGE A. FAIR. [L s.] Witnesses: FREnERIo B.v WRIGHT,

JOSEPH C. 'ZnugLn

